A conundrum to mull over.

[Nigel]

Nope. Lift from the wings is dependent upon airspeed, not groundspeed (or even relative groundspeed). In this case, if I've understood the configuration correctly, the plane has an airspeed of zero, and it isn't going anywhere.

Now, if the plane and belt were all located in a windtunnel, with a 200mph headwind directed towards the plane - in that case, the airflow over the wings would generate sufficient lift for the plane to take off, even though its effective groundspeed was still zero.